creationism (religious ideology)

Scope note: Originally, and in Catholic theology, this term refers to the belief that God creates a soul for each individual person at conception or birth, in contrast to the belief in a soul's pre-existence. In the Middle Ages it was thought that this occurred 40 days after conception for a male baby and 80 days after conception for a female baby. While Augustine thought creationism and original sin were contradictory, Aquinas held that not believing in this tenet constituted heresy. In modern times the term has come to refer to the literal belief in the Genesis creation story as opposed to the theory of evolution associated with Darwin's 'The Origin of Species' of 1859. Linked to fundamentalism, creationism emerged in the 1960s in the United States, with its roots in the 19th century. Proponents of creationism demand that public schools equally teach creationism and evolutionary theory. Numerous creation science papers have been and continue to be published although they are not regarded as serious science outside of the movement.

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