Use with reference to mostly French art of the 1960s that is realist in the sense of appropriating materials from the environment or staging actions or happenings. This movement was announced by the publication of a short manifesto in Paris, 1960; authored by Pierre Restany, and signed by the artists Arman, François Dufrêne, Raymond Hains, Yves Klein, Martial Raysse, Daniel Spoerri, Jean Tinguely and Jacques de la Villeglé.
