Refers to late 18th- to early 20th-century architecture and ornament based relatively closely on ancient classical forms. For other architecture and art of the late 18th and the 19th centuries that follow principles of classicism, use "Neoclassical." Refers to the early 20th century (1905-1925) architectural style in Russia that emerged as a rejection of bourgeois aesthetics seen as decadent by monarchists and ideologically conservative critics in the architecture and art represented by Jugendstil (Art Nouveau and Russia's Stil' Modern). Certain critics saw Neoclassical Revival as a validation of Russia's imperial status. Select aspects of the style were transferred to early Soviet architecture by the same architects (such as Ivan Fomin) who practiced before the Russian Revolution. It is separate from neo-Russian Style, which has no references to the classical system and includes heavy usage of decorative elements not found in Neoclassical Revival. It is equivalent in specialist literature to the Russian term neoklassitsizm (whereas Neoclassicism is specified in Russian as klassitsizm).
