Refers to the culture, style, and period associated with the rule of Han emperors in Chang'an, China from 206 BCE to 9 CE. Under the reign of Gaodi from 206-195 BCE, Qin laws and institutions were strengthened creating a strong, unified empire. Tomb models and textual evidence suggest the appearance of several palaces built by Goadi and later emperors, rich in objects such as pottery and with chambers decorated with impressed motifs and painted bricks. Bronze production during this period typically consisted of utilitarian items such as household vessels, which were light in structure, and usually undecorated or decorated with simple incised patterns.