Manual or mechanized devices designed to twist raw silk filaments into a unified thread to be used for weaving. While these devices vary, they typically comprise a twisting frame that rotates a series of spindles which twist skeins of raw silk and winds them onto bobbins. The first evidence of these devices can be traced back to either 1272 -1276 CE in Lucca, Italy or 1313 in China, though the devices could have been in use much earlier.
