Hierarchy classification:

1. top of the aat hierarchies
2. Activities Facet
3. Processes and Techniques (hierarchy name)
4. [processes and techniques by specific type]
5. analysis and testing techniques
6. spectroscopy
7. x-ray spectroscopy

Anotations

Scope note:

A form of spectroscopy in which photoelectrons excited by a beam of monochromatic x-rays are measured in order to find the characteristic binding energies of electrons at particular levels of the sample, thus identifying elements present there.