<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><metadata xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><dc:title xml:lang="en">Chen-Yen</dc:title><dc:identifier>http://AATesaurus.cultura.gencat.cat/aat/getty_en?tema=31327080</dc:identifier><dc:language>en</dc:language><dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Getty Institute</dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2026-03-30 20:28:08</dcterms:created><dcterms:isPartOf xsi:type="dcterms:URI">http://AATesaurus.cultura.gencat.cat/aat/getty_en</dcterms:isPartOf><dcterms:isPartOf xml:lang="en">Tesaurus d&apos;Art i Arquitectura</dcterms:isPartOf><dc:format>text/html</dc:format> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Chen Yen</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Chinese Esoteric Buddhism</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Mi Tsung</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">True Word school</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">True Word sect</dcterms:alternative> <dc:description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ School of Tantric Buddhism in China. Its name is derived from the Indian Sanskrit word "mantra" meaning 'mystical world.The work of Shubhakarasimha brought about Chen-Yen in China in 716 CE and it was expanded by others such as Amoghavajra (705-774). Although it gained imperial favor for a time, it never became extremely popular in China. Instead, it flourished in Japan after Kukai brought back some Chen-Yen rituals and texts after his 804 trip to China; Kukai was responsible for founding the Shingon school of Chen-Yen in his native Japan. Chen-Yen received an infusion of life from Tibet during the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368) but the surviving school is as much Tibetan as it is Chinese and the intrinsic quality of Chen-Yen has declined. ]]></dc:description></metadata>