<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><metadata xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><dc:title xml:lang="en">barber surgeons</dc:title><dc:identifier>http://AATesaurus.cultura.gencat.cat/aat/getty_en?tema=31338005</dc:identifier><dc:language>en</dc:language><dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Getty Institute</dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2026-03-30 20:31:10</dcterms:created><dcterms:isPartOf xsi:type="dcterms:URI">http://AATesaurus.cultura.gencat.cat/aat/getty_en</dcterms:isPartOf><dcterms:isPartOf xml:lang="en">Tesaurus d&apos;Art i Arquitectura</dcterms:isPartOf><dc:format>text/html</dc:format> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">barber surgeon</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">barber-surgeon</dcterms:alternative> <dc:description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ Members of a profession that emerged during the Middle Ages when the practice of surgery was not taught in universities. Barbers were called in by physicians in cases where razors or blood letting was deemed necessary. The organization of the United Company of Barber Surgeons of London in 1540 began the evolution toward qualifications for those who performed operations. This guild was the precursor of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. ]]></dc:description></metadata>