<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><metadata xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><dc:title xml:lang="en">black carbon ink</dc:title><dc:identifier>http://AATesaurus.cultura.gencat.cat/aat/getty_en?tema=31411355</dc:identifier><dc:language>en</dc:language><dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Getty Institute</dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2026-03-30 20:50:36</dcterms:created><dcterms:isPartOf xsi:type="dcterms:URI">http://AATesaurus.cultura.gencat.cat/aat/getty_en</dcterms:isPartOf><dcterms:isPartOf xml:lang="en">Tesaurus d&apos;Art i Arquitectura</dcterms:isPartOf><dc:format>text/html</dc:format> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">carbon black ink</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">carbon ink</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">ink, black carbon</dcterms:alternative> <dc:description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ A black ink containing powdered carbon pigment, usually lampblack in a dilute aqueous solution of gum or glue. Carbon inks were used in China as early as the 3rd millennium BCE, also found on Egyptian papyrus and medieval manuscripts. Black carbon inks were replaced with iron gall inks in the 12th century. Distinguished from "India ink," which is a dispersion of carbon black in water. ]]></dc:description></metadata>