<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><metadata xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><dc:title xml:lang="en">Van Dyck brown</dc:title><dc:identifier>http://AATesaurus.cultura.gencat.cat/aat/getty_en?tema=31437455</dc:identifier><dc:language>en</dc:language><dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Getty Institute</dc:publisher><dcterms:created>2026-03-30 20:57:56</dcterms:created><dcterms:isPartOf xsi:type="dcterms:URI">http://AATesaurus.cultura.gencat.cat/aat/getty_en</dcterms:isPartOf><dcterms:isPartOf xml:lang="en">Tesaurus d&apos;Art i Arquitectura</dcterms:isPartOf><dc:format>text/html</dc:format> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Van Dyke brown</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Vandyke brown</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">bituminous earth</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">earth of cullen</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">humic earth</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">humic-earth pigment</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">moreno de Van Dyck</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">terra di Colonia</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Cassel brown</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Cassel earth</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Cassler umbra</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Castle earth</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Colens earth</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Collens earth</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Cologne earth</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Cullens earth</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Kassel earth</dcterms:alternative> <dcterms:alternative xml:lang="en">Kasslerbraun</dcterms:alternative> <dc:description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ A naturally occurring dark brown earth pigment containing organic humus, peat, or coal material mixed with iron oxides, alumina and silica. When ignited, the pigment leaves a soft gray residue. The colorant is fugitive and fades on exposure to strong light. The pigment was first used in the 17th century; early sources were from the Cologne and Kassel regions of Germany, thus the alternate pigment names. The brown earth has since been obtained from various localities each of which may differ slightly in color and composition. To add to this confusion some pigments labeled "Van Dyck brown" were bituminous while others were synthetically made from from carbon black and iron oxide mixtures. For these synthetic mixtures, use "synthetic Van Dyck brown." ]]></dc:description></metadata>