<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><mads xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/mads/" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mads/
mads.xsd"><authority><topic authority="http://AATesaurus.cultura.gencat.cat/aat/getty_en">monarchs</topic></authority><related type="narrower"><topic>tsars</topic></related><related type="narrower"><topic>emperors</topic></related><related type="narrower"><topic>kings</topic></related><related type="narrower"><topic>queens</topic></related><related type="narrower"><topic>empresses</topic></related><related type="narrower"><topic>pharaohs</topic></related><related type="narrower"><topic>caesars</topic></related><related type="narrower"><topic>sultans</topic></related><related type="narrower"><topic>kaisers</topic></related><related type="other"><topic>royalty</topic></related><related type="broader"><topic>rulers</topic></related><variant type="other"><topic>monarch</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>monarch&apos;s</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>monarchs&apos;</topic></variant> <note xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ Absolute rulers of sovereign states, usually by hereditary succession. The term is generally used as a substitute for the specific title of the sovereign, for example, "king," "queen," or "emperor." ]]></note></mads>