<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><mads xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/mads/" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mads/
mads.xsd"><authority><topic authority="http://AATesaurus.cultura.gencat.cat/aat/getty_en">kermes</topic></authority><related type="other"><topic>carmine</topic></related><related type="other"><topic>crimson lake</topic></related><related type="other"><topic>Quercus coccifera</topic></related><related type="other"><topic>Kermes</topic></related><related type="broader"><topic>colorant for dye and pigment</topic></related><related type="broader"><topic>lake</topic></related><variant type="other"><topic>grain lake</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>kermes lake</topic></variant> <note xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ Colorant made from kermesic acid that is extracted from the dried bodies of female kermes insects. Kermes dye was used since ancient times. It contains 18-32% tannins and is used for making a dark color leather. ]]></note></mads>