<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><mads xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/mads/" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mads/
mads.xsd"><authority><topic authority="http://AATesaurus.cultura.gencat.cat/aat/getty_en">carmine</topic></authority><related type="narrower"><topic>cochineal carmine</topic></related><related type="other"><topic>kermes</topic></related><related type="other"><topic>cochineal</topic></related><related type="broader"><topic>colorant for dye and pigment</topic></related><related type="broader"><topic>lake</topic></related><variant type="other"><topic>Karmesin lake</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>Kugel lake</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>Munich lake</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>Parisian lake</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>Venetian lake</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>carmin</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>carmine lake</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>new red lake</topic></variant> <note xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ A generic name for two closely related organic red lakes that are obtained from scale insects, cochineal and kermes. Neither pigment is permanent enough for use in fine art because they discolor in sunlight. They were replaced first by madder and alizarin, then later by synthetic organic red colors. ]]></note></mads>