<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><mads xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/mads/" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mads/
mads.xsd"><authority><topic authority="http://AATesaurus.cultura.gencat.cat/aat/getty_en">tsars</topic></authority><related type="other"><topic>tsardoms</topic></related><related type="broader"><topic>monarchs</topic></related><related type="broader"><topic>noblemen</topic></related><variant type="other"><topic>tzar</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>csar</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>csars</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>czaar</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>czaars</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>czar</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>czar&apos;s</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>czars</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>czars&apos;</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>tsar</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>tsar&apos;s</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>tsars&apos;</topic></variant> <note xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ Refers to the autocrats or emperors of Russia who ruled from the 16th century until the Revolution of 1917. The term also refers to rulers of Serbia during the 14th century. The term is probably derived from "caesar"; it originally referred to a king, but eventually it took on the meaning of "emperor." ]]></note></mads>