[supporting and resisting elements]abutmentsbuttressesfoundationscaissonsgrillagesmastspilotispendentivessquinchestrompespostsplinthsbraces[piers and pier components][columns and column components][pedestals and pedestal components]soclesanthropomorphic supporting elementsshorescribbingcololchesnailing blocksstaysbell cagespillarsconcrete monolithsdiagridsfishplatespostholes[temporary alphabetical list: supporting and resisting elements]cáotrestlespíngshuǐpíngzuòplatformsstructural elements