<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><mads xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/mads/" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mads/
mads.xsd"><authority><topic authority="http://AATesaurus.cultura.gencat.cat/aat/getty_en">black carbon ink</topic></authority><related type="other"><topic>India ink</topic></related><related type="broader"><topic>ink by composition or origin</topic></related><variant type="other"><topic>carbon black ink</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>carbon ink</topic></variant><variant type="other"><topic>ink, black carbon</topic></variant> <note xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ A black ink containing powdered carbon pigment, usually lampblack in a dilute aqueous solution of gum or glue. Carbon inks were used in China as early as the 3rd millennium BCE, also found on Egyptian papyrus and medieval manuscripts. Black carbon inks were replaced with iron gall inks in the 12th century. Distinguished from "India ink," which is a dispersion of carbon black in water. ]]></note></mads>