<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE Zthes SYSTEM "http://zthes.z3950.org/xml/zthes-05.dtd">  <Zthes><term><termId>31302281</termId><termName>Carthusian</termName><termType>PT</termType><termNote><![CDATA[ A Roman Catholic monastic order founded by St. Bruno of Cologne in Chartreuse (north of Grenoble, France) in 1084. The Carthusians combine the solitary existence of hermits with a communal life within the monastery. The monks or nuns live in individual cells and only come together at specific times of the day and at special feasts; strict abstinence is practiced. The Carthusians spread slowly, but, by 1521, the order numbered 195 houses in every Catholic European country. They played an important role in the monastic-reform movement of the 11th and 12th centuries; it is itself, however, the one form of communal religious life that has not experienced reform. Houses are found in many parts of Europe although membership is relatively small. A famous liqueur is made at 'La Grande Chartreuse,' the order's mother-house, with profits donated to charity. ]]></termNote><termCreatedDate>2026-03-30 20:21:16</termCreatedDate><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31302282</termId><termName>O.Cart.</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31302283</termId><termName>OCart</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31302284</termId><termName>Order of Carthusians</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>BT</relationType><termId>31298457</termId><termName>Christian orders</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation><relation><relationType>RT</relationType><termId>31416390</termId><termName>charterhouses</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation></term>  </Zthes>