<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE Zthes SYSTEM "http://zthes.z3950.org/xml/zthes-05.dtd">  <Zthes><term><termId>31322164</termId><termName>telegraphs</termName><termType>PT</termType><termNote><![CDATA[ Any of numerous types of devices or systems that allow the transmission of information by coded signal over a distance. Many telegraphic systems have been used over the centuries, but the term most often refers to the electric telegraph, which was developed in the mid-19th century and was the principal means of transmitting printed information by wire or radio wave for over a century. It consisted of a transmitting or sending instrument and a distant receiving instrument connected by a conducting wire or other communications channel. ]]></termNote><termCreatedDate>2026-03-30 20:26:51</termCreatedDate><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31322165</termId><termName>telegraph</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31322166</termId><termName>telegraphic</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>BT</relationType><termId>31306859</termId><termName>telecommunication systems components</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation><relation><relationType>NT</relationType><termId>31347314</termId><termName>engine-room telegraphs</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation></term>  </Zthes>