<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE Zthes SYSTEM "http://zthes.z3950.org/xml/zthes-05.dtd">  <Zthes><term><termId>31327080</termId><termName>Chen-Yen</termName><termType>PT</termType><termNote><![CDATA[ School of Tantric Buddhism in China. Its name is derived from the Indian Sanskrit word "mantra" meaning 'mystical world.The work of Shubhakarasimha brought about Chen-Yen in China in 716 CE and it was expanded by others such as Amoghavajra (705-774). Although it gained imperial favor for a time, it never became extremely popular in China. Instead, it flourished in Japan after Kukai brought back some Chen-Yen rituals and texts after his 804 trip to China; Kukai was responsible for founding the Shingon school of Chen-Yen in his native Japan. Chen-Yen received an infusion of life from Tibet during the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368) but the surviving school is as much Tibetan as it is Chinese and the intrinsic quality of Chen-Yen has declined. ]]></termNote><termCreatedDate>2026-03-30 20:28:08</termCreatedDate><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31327081</termId><termName>Chen Yen</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31327082</termId><termName>Chinese Esoteric Buddhism</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31327083</termId><termName>Mi Tsung</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31327084</termId><termName>True Word school</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31327085</termId><termName>True Word sect</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>BT</relationType><termId>31308228</termId><termName>Chinese Buddhism</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation><relation><relationType>BT</relationType><termId>31308244</termId><termName>Vajrayana</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation></term>  </Zthes>