<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE Zthes SYSTEM "http://zthes.z3950.org/xml/zthes-05.dtd">  <Zthes><term><termId>31368424</termId><termName>pharaohs</termName><termType>PT</termType><termNote><![CDATA[ Refers to the supreme rulers of ancient Egypt, who were considered kings and gods. The term is derived from the Egyptian "per-aa," meaning "great house," and originally referred to the royal palace. The term was used as a synonym or title of respect for the Egyptian king beginning in the New Kingdom, from the 18th dynasty (1539-1292 BCE) onwards. In modern usage, it generally is used as a title to refer to all ancient Egyptian kings, regardless of when they ruled. ]]></termNote><termCreatedDate>2026-03-30 20:39:23</termCreatedDate><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31368425</termId><termName>pharaoh</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31368426</termId><termName>pharaoh&apos;s</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31368427</termId><termName>pharaohs&apos;</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31368428</termId><termName>pharaonian</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31368429</termId><termName>pharaonic</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31368430</termId><termName>pharonical</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>BT</relationType><termId>31337602</termId><termName>monarchs</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation><relation><relationType>BT</relationType><termId>31369856</termId><termName>noblemen</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation></term>  </Zthes>