<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE Zthes SYSTEM "http://zthes.z3950.org/xml/zthes-05.dtd">  <Zthes><term><termId>31406661</termId><termName>Protoliterate</termName><termType>PT</termType><termNote><![CDATA[ Refers to the period in southern Mesopotamia, roughly between 4000 and 2900 BCE, during which developments such as the invention of writing and cylinder seals, the emergence of large cities, the establishment of widespread trade, and the appearance of monumental public buildings occurred. ]]></termNote><termCreatedDate>2026-03-30 20:49:18</termCreatedDate><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31406662</termId><termName>Proto-literate</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>BT</relationType><termId>31367224</termId><termName>prehistoric Southern Mesopotamian periods</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation><relation><relationType>NT</relationType><termId>31434245</termId><termName>Uruk</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation><relation><relationType>NT</relationType><termId>31434248</termId><termName>Jamdat Nasr</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation></term>  </Zthes>