<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE Zthes SYSTEM "http://zthes.z3950.org/xml/zthes-05.dtd">  <Zthes><term><termId>31422208</termId><termName>spinning frames</termName><termType>PT</termType><termNote><![CDATA[ The general term for a range of mechanized devices equipped with long rows of spindles designed to spin and twist cotton fibers into yarn. Lancashire entrepreneur Richard Arkwright is credited with inventing the first spinning frame in 1767, contributing to the Industrial Revolution-era transition to factory-based textile manufacturing. Historically leveraging water power, these machines made it possible to mass produce strong yarn and reduced the need to spin cotton by hand. ]]></termNote><termCreatedDate>2026-03-30 20:45:00</termCreatedDate><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31422209</termId><termName>spinning frame</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31482456</termId><termName>spinning machine</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31482457</termId><termName>spinning-frame</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31482458</termId><termName>water frame</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31482459</termId><termName>water-frame</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>BT</relationType><termId>31419461</termId><termName>milling machines</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation><relation><relationType>BT</relationType><termId>31353962</termId><termName>textile fabricating tools and equipment</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation><relation><relationType>NT</relationType><termId>31422106</termId><termName>ring frames</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation></term>  </Zthes>