<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE Zthes SYSTEM "http://zthes.z3950.org/xml/zthes-05.dtd">  <Zthes><term><termId>31422275</termId><termName>throwing machines</termName><termType>PT</termType><termNote><![CDATA[ Manual or mechanized devices designed to twist raw silk filaments into a unified thread to be used for weaving. While these devices vary, they typically comprise a twisting frame that rotates a series of spindles which twist skeins of raw silk and winds them onto bobbins. The first evidence of these devices can be traced back to either 1272 -1276 CE in Lucca, Italy or 1313 in China, though the devices could have been in use much earlier.  ]]></termNote><termCreatedDate>2026-03-30 20:53:47</termCreatedDate><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31482337</termId><termName>silk throwing machine</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31482338</termId><termName>silk-throwing machine</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31422276</termId><termName>throwing machine</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>BT</relationType><termId>31422254</termId><termName>textile machines</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation></term>  </Zthes>