<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE Zthes SYSTEM "http://zthes.z3950.org/xml/zthes-05.dtd">  <Zthes><term><termId>31431679</termId><termName>crystoleums</termName><termType>PT</termType><termNote><![CDATA[ Distinctive photographs made from a hand-colored positive image process used from the 1880s through 1910, intended to give the appearance of painting on glass. An albumen paper print is adhered to a curved piece of glass and sanded from the back to the emulsion layer. A layer of oil is applied to render it translucent, and detailed color is applied to the back. When dry, a second layer of curved glass is added, and painted with broad fields of color. A layer of white material was applied behind this, and everything bound together. The glass, solutions, and adhesives were available commercially until World War I. The process was based on 18th-century hand-colored engravings known as mezzotint paintings. ]]></termNote><termCreatedDate>2026-03-30 20:56:27</termCreatedDate><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31431682</termId><termName>crystal ivorytypes</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31431683</termId><termName>crystoleum</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31431684</termId><termName>kartaline</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31431685</termId><termName>photo-chromes</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31431680</termId><termName>chromo-crystal</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31431681</termId><termName>chromo-photographs</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>BT</relationType><termId>31402034</termId><termName>photographs by processing or presentation technique</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation><relation><relationType>RT</relationType><termId>31467346</termId><termName>albumen prints</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation></term>  </Zthes>