<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE Zthes SYSTEM "http://zthes.z3950.org/xml/zthes-05.dtd">  <Zthes><term><termId>31437145</termId><termName>archil</termName><termType>PT</termType><termNote><![CDATA[ A natural dye that is bright red to rich purple color, obtained from any of several lichens; used as a pigment, textile dye, wood stain, food colorant, and an indicator dye that turns blue in alkaline solutions. It was by the ancient Egyptians; the preparation was rediscovered by the Italians and used to make the brilliant red and purple Florentine cloth. In the18th century a Scottish chemist C. Gordon patented the process, which he called "cudbear." The dark red color in archil is formed when lecanoric acid is converted to orcein by fermentation then oxidation.  ]]></termNote><termCreatedDate>2026-03-30 20:57:52</termCreatedDate><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31437146</termId><termName>cudbear</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31437147</termId><termName>orchil</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31437148</termId><termName>red indigo</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>BT</relationType><termId>31410940</termId><termName>vegetable dye</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation><relation><relationType>RT</relationType><termId>31316438</termId><termName>lichens</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation><relation><relationType>RT</relationType><termId>31343719</termId><termName>French purple</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation><relation><relationType>RT</relationType><termId>31343725</termId><termName>orcein</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation></term>  </Zthes>