<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE Zthes SYSTEM "http://zthes.z3950.org/xml/zthes-05.dtd">  <Zthes><term><termId>31450114</termId><termName>bureaus</termName><termType>PT</termType><termNote><![CDATA[ Refers to either a writing table incorporating drawers or a type of case furniture, generally a chest of drawers, with a hinged, fall-front writing surface. The first furniture types to be referred to by this term developed in France in the mid-17th century, the term having evolved from the medieval French word for a coarse linen cloth that was laid on a table to provide a surface for writing.  In modern usage, in Europe a "bureau" is a writing desk, usually with a hinged writing flap that rests at a sloping angle when closed and, when opened, reveals a tier of pigeonholes, small drawers, and sometimes a small cupboard.  In the United States, a "bureau" is typically synonymous with a "chest of drawers," having lost the surface for writing. ]]></termNote><termCreatedDate>2026-03-30 21:01:12</termCreatedDate><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31450117</termId><termName>desk</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31450115</termId><termName>bureau</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>UF</relationType><termId>31450116</termId><termName>bureaux</termName><termType>ND</termType></relation><relation><relationType>BT</relationType><termId>31427287</termId><termName>slant-front desks</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation><relation><relationType>RT</relationType><termId>31356537</termId><termName>chests of drawers</termName><termType>PT</termType></relation></term>  </Zthes>