Hierarchy classification:

1. top of the aat hierarchies
2. Materials Facet
3. Materials (hierarchy name)
4. materials (substances)
5. [materials by function]
6. colorant (material)
7. [colorant for dye and pigment]

Additional parents:

1. top of the aat hierarchies
2. Materials Facet
3. Materials
4. materials
5. materials by function
6. colorant
7. pigments
8. pigment by production method
9. lake

Narrower term/s

• cochineal carmine

Anotations

Scope note:

A generic name for two closely related organic red lakes that are obtained from scale insects, cochineal and kermes. Neither pigment is permanent enough for use in fine art because they discolor in sunlight. They were replaced first by madder and alizarin, then later by synthetic organic red colors.